Alaa Amer

Lesson 9: PHP if...elseif...else

In PHP programming, conditional statements are essential building blocks. Among them, the if...elseif...else structure allows developers to make decisions based on different conditions.

In this article, we will explore how to use this structure effectively, with simple examples suitable for beginners and experienced developers alike.

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What is the if statement in PHP?

The if statement is used to execute a block of code only if a specific condition is true.
Basic syntax:

if (condition) { // code to execute if condition is true }

Example:

$age = 18; 

if ($age >= 18) { 
 echo "You are an adult."; 
}

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Using elseif to handle multiple conditions

When you want to check several conditions, use elseif, which means "else if".

Example:

$grade = 85; 

if ($grade >= 90) { 
 echo "Excellent"; 
} elseif ($grade >= 75) { 
 echo "Very Good"; 
} elseif ($grade >= 60) { 
 echo "Good"; 
}

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When to use else

Use the else statement when none of the previous conditions are true. It acts as a fallback.

Example:

$score = 45; 

if ($score >= 90) { 
 echo "Excellent"; 
} elseif ($score >= 75) { 
 echo "Very Good"; 
} else { 
 echo "Needs Improvement"; 
}

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Important Tips

• Always order conditions from most specific to least specific.

• Use curly braces {} to clarify the code structure.

• Keep conditions short and meaningful.

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Conclusion

The if...elseif...else statements are fundamental in PHP development. They allow you to control the flow of your code and make logical decisions.

Try writing your own examples and experiment with different values to see how they work in action.

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